Wheelchair Ramp Design and Construction

A wheelchair ramp is an important tool for helping a loved one to live at home independently. However, if they aren't designed correctly they could be dangerous to use.

ADA regulations require landings to must be level with any shift in direction to avoid compound slopes. They also must provide a grippy surface for wheelchair users.

Design

The ramp design must meet the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) standards to ensure that wheelchairs easily navigate the structure. The ramp's slope must not exceed a 1:12 ratio and the landings must be level at any change of direction or change in the ramp surface. It should also be constructed from treated lumber that is more durable than untreated and is able to withstand rain better.

The sides and top of the ramp should be clear of obstacles such as trees, bushes or other structures that may interfere with the safe passage of the ramp's user. The surface of the ramp should be non-slip as well as hard. Some municipalities require the use of an anti-slip running surface on the ramp's entire length.

For the ramp frame Choose treated lumber that is at least four inches wide. To secure the ramp, build posts that are at least 8 feet apart and extend beyond the level of the ground. The posts should be connected to the ramp's railings using spindles. This type of connection decreases the risk of a ramp user falling off the ramp.

Then, build the ramp's frame using Joists that are at minimum 16 inches long and beams of 2 by 4 inches. The joists should be placed at least 18 inches above ground and secured by Joist hangings which are nails that grip within the joists to stop them from sliding. Attach the ramp decking using a framing nailer.

Install an upper landing close to the doorway to enable wheelchair users to control the doorswing easily. This landing should be large enough to provide at least 12-24 inches of "elbow room" on the handle side for out-swing doors. The landing for in-swinging doors must be 58 by 60 inches to accommodate the threshold of the door as well as a wheelchair user who has to reverse through the doorway.

Install a level landing whenever you change in the direction of the ramp to prevent the requirement for wheelchairs to step on their brakes while turning corners. A level landing also allows you to move the ramp away from the way, if needed, so that lawnmowers or other equipment can pass underneath it.

Materials

Aluminium, wood, or concrete can be used to build a wheelchair ramp. A professional ramp installer can help you select the most suitable option for your home or office. When selecting the material for the ramp, it's important to take into account your budget and specific needs. The ramp should be easy to maintain and safe for use. Certain cities require that the ramp be covered with a non-slip surface.

Before you purchase any materials or begin construction, make sure you have the required permits from your local government and ensure that you adhere to all building codes in your area. The wrong materials or construction methods can result in dangerous conditions for wheelchair users. You can find the most current construction regulations in your local government building department or library, or on the internet.

Wood ramps can be the cheapest alternative for ADA ramp materials. However, they require more maintenance. Wood ramps must be maintained regularly using an adhesive to prevent rot. Wood can splinter, which can be especially hazardous for those who are in wheelchairs. Wood ramps may also require extra support to maintain the structure.

Concrete ramps are extremely durable and last for a long time however they can be expensive. They are heavy, which means that more labor is required to put in them, and they can make it difficult to move the ramp when it is no longer required. Concrete ramps are able to withstand the weight of heavy power wheelchairs.

Aluminum ramps are less heavy and less expensive than concrete or steel. They also have the same durability, strength, and resistance to corrosion. They are also less expensive than steel or iron, which makes them an ideal choice for those on a tight budget. Aluminum is a green choice because it is a part of the Earth's crust naturally and can be recycled.

The upper ramp's landing should be level or within 3/8 inch of the door threshold to allow for the front wheels of smaller wheelchairs to pass over it without getting stuck. Ramps that have a gap greater than this won't meet ADA standards. Also, ensure that the ramp transitions smoothly from the upper landing to the surface. The ramp's final section should have a beveled edge to prevent wheelchairs from stopping abruptly at the point of leaving or entering a house.

Installation

A ramp for wheelchairs is an inclined plane that is used in addition to or in place of stairs. It lets wheelchair users and those who use carts or strollers to navigate areas that would otherwise be difficult to reach like the front door or a set of steep steps.

There are several considerations when choosing a wheelchair ramp that should be considered, including the location, height and cost. The ramp should be placed closest to the door in order to avoid unnecessary journeys. It should be placed at a level that the person using it is able to be able to easily access it. It should also be properly fixed to the ground and free of obstructions, such as the trees or cars parked.

ADA regulations require that ramps must have handrails either side. The rails must be at least 36 inches apart and have the gripping surface rounded or smooth. They must also be attached to the edge of the ramp and extend 12 inches beyond it. If a ramp is equipped with switchesbacks or an L-shaped layout, handrails must be continuous between the ramp's edges.

The length of a ramp varies on the incline, but there are several common ramps that can be used in most situations. A threshold ramp, for instance is a ramp that is flush with the lip of the curb or threshold of the doorway. Portable ramps are, however, can be moved to a new place and come in different sizes. Modular aluminum wheelchair ramps for sale ramps may also be assembled on-site. They are typically used for commercial or public spaces, and are typically larger than the threshold and portable ramps.

If you're thinking of a permanent ramp, be sure you check with the building department of your city to see if you need an approval. You should also speak to a mobility specialist about the type of ramp that works best for your space and needs. In some cases the installation of permanent ramps can increase the value of your home.

Maintenance

It is crucial to maintain your wheelchair ramp particularly if it is going to be used frequently. You'll need to perform regular inspections, and fix any structural issues as they occur. This will ensure that the ramp is in compliance with all ADA requirements, and is safe for the users.

Wooden ramps require regular cleaning to remove dirt and debris that can obstruct access. Keep the ramp clean to avoid moisture from accumulating beneath the surface. This can cause rot. Stains and wood preservatives only work only if the ramp is clean prior to application.

Wheelchair ramps are more difficult to maintain than other ramps as they are more likely wear and tear. The most important thing is to make sure you have the right tools to complete the task. To ensure that all fixings are secure and tight you'll require an excellent set of screwdrivers and gauge spanners. It's also important to check regularly the handrails to make sure they are in a good condition and have no signs of corrosion or damage. It is possible that over time, as they are used repeatedly some of the bolts and fittings that hold the handrails on could loosen and cause a major safety concern for those who use the ramp.

It is also important to ensure that the surface of the ramp is sufficiently grippy, especially in winter when the conditions are challenging. You'll need to sweep off any leaves, dirt or other debris that could block the ramp and cause slippage. You'll also need to apply an ice melt that's non-corrosive to the ramp surface to prevent slips and injuries.

If you're planning on using your ramp all winter months, you should consider purchasing wheels for traction, or "snow tires" for your wheelchair. They're specially designed to provide better tracking on snow and uneven surfaces and are therefore more effective than standard wheelchair tires at helping you stay on the ramp. You can also place heating pads or tape on the ramp's surface to help melt snow and ice before it accumulates.